{
  "id": "ukraine",
  "reviewed": "2026-10-23",
  "attribution": "Geography: Natural Earth (public domain). Mineral and trade data: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries and the sources linked in each item. Regions and flows are approximate.",
  "facts": {
    "firstChip": "None yet; fabless designs are manufactured abroad",
    "fab": "None; production plans depend on the Chips Act UA legislation",
    "projects": "Chips Act UA, NSAU ecosystem; no RISC-V core yet",
    "membership": "Semiconductor Association of Ukraine (NSAU)"
  },
  "capabilities": {
    "design": true,
    "manufacturing": false,
    "minerals": true,
    "legal": true,
    "funding": true
  },
  "points": [
    {
      "id": "digital-ministry",
      "label": "Ministry of Digital Transformation, Kyiv",
      "kind": "org",
      "lat": 50.447,
      "lon": 30.524,
      "desc": "The Ministry of Digital Transformation leads the Chips Act UA plan and the strategy to place Ukraine among the top 15 countries in microelectronics by 2030.",
      "source": "UkraineInvest",
      "url": "https://ukraineinvest.gov.ua/en/industries/electronics/"
    },
    {
      "id": "isp",
      "label": "Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Kyiv",
      "kind": "university",
      "lat": 50.373,
      "lon": 30.455,
      "desc": "The Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, founded in 1960, is the National Academy of Sciences' main research institute for semiconductors.",
      "source": "ISP NASU",
      "url": "https://isp.kiev.ua/"
    },
    {
      "id": "kpi-micro",
      "label": "Microelectronics Department, Kyiv Polytechnic Institute",
      "kind": "university",
      "lat": 50.443,
      "lon": 30.46,
      "desc": "The Microelectronics Department of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute trains chip designers and runs a joint analog electronics laboratory with Melexis.",
      "source": "KPI",
      "url": "https://me.kpi.ua/en/"
    },
    {
      "id": "melexis",
      "label": "Melexis design office, Kyiv",
      "kind": "design",
      "lat": 50.426,
      "lon": 30.396,
      "desc": "Melexis, a Belgian manufacturer of sensor chips, runs a design office in Kyiv where Ukrainian engineers define, design, lay out and test microchips.",
      "source": "Melexis",
      "url": "https://www.melexis.com/en/contact/offices-and-locations"
    },
    {
      "id": "lviv-polytechnic",
      "label": "Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv",
      "kind": "university",
      "lat": 49.835,
      "lon": 24.014,
      "desc": "Lviv Polytechnic National University, founded in 1816, is one of the oldest technical universities in Europe and a major source of hardware engineers.",
      "source": "Lviv Polytechnic",
      "url": "https://lpnu.ua/en/education/information-package"
    }
  ],
  "zones": [
    {
      "id": "titanium-irshansk",
      "color": "cyan",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Titanium, Irshansk (Zhytomyr region)",
      "desc": "The Irshansk mining complex produces ilmenite, a titanium ore. Ukraine holds the largest titanium reserves in Europe, about 7% of the world total.",
      "source": "UMCC Titanium",
      "url": "https://www.umcc-titanium.com/en/irshansk-mining-and-processing-plant/",
      "coords": [
        [
          27.95,
          50.9
        ],
        [
          28.6,
          50.95
        ],
        [
          28.75,
          51.2
        ],
        [
          28.25,
          51.3
        ],
        [
          27.9,
          51.1
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "lithium-polokhivske",
      "color": "gold",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Lithium, Polokhivske deposit (Kirovohrad region)",
      "desc": "The Polokhivske deposit holds over 760,000 tons of lithium carbonate equivalent, among the largest in Europe. Ukraine's other major lithium deposits lie in occupied territory.",
      "source": "Ukraine Open for Business",
      "url": "https://open4business.com.ua/en/lithium-reserves-in-ukraine-over-760-thousand-tons-at-polokhivske-deposit/",
      "coords": [
        [
          31.6,
          48.25
        ],
        [
          32.45,
          48.3
        ],
        [
          32.55,
          48.7
        ],
        [
          32,
          48.75
        ],
        [
          31.5,
          48.5
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "graphite-zavallia",
      "color": "purple",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Graphite, Zavallia (Kirovohrad region)",
      "desc": "The Zavallia deposit is the only one of Ukraine's six graphite deposits currently mined. Ukraine ranks among the top five countries in explored graphite reserves.",
      "source": "Euromaidan Press",
      "url": "https://euromaidanpress.com/2026/03/19/ukraine-zavalievsky-graphite-restarts-african-ore/",
      "coords": [
        [
          29.5,
          48.6
        ],
        [
          30.1,
          48.65
        ],
        [
          30.15,
          48.95
        ],
        [
          29.7,
          49
        ],
        [
          29.45,
          48.8
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "occupied-territory",
      "color": "red",
      "kind": "occupied",
      "label": "Territory occupied by Russia (approximate)",
      "desc": "Russian forces occupy Crimea and parts of the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Ukraine's Shevchenkivske and Kruta Balka lithium deposits lie inside this territory, and a 2022 SecDev assessment found that it holds about half of Ukraine's rare earth, tantalum and manganese deposits and 63% of its coal mines. The boundary shown is approximate and does not track the front line.",
      "source": "Kyiv Independent",
      "url": "https://kyivindependent.com/loss-of-lithium-deposit-wont-impact-minerals-deal-says-investor/",
      "coords": [
        [
          32.1,
          46.45
        ],
        [
          33.4,
          46.65
        ],
        [
          34.7,
          47.45
        ],
        [
          35.6,
          47.35
        ],
        [
          36.5,
          47.7
        ],
        [
          37.6,
          47.9
        ],
        [
          37.2,
          48.6
        ],
        [
          38.3,
          48.9
        ],
        [
          39.3,
          49.1
        ],
        [
          40.2,
          49.15
        ],
        [
          40.1,
          48
        ],
        [
          39.8,
          47.6
        ],
        [
          39.25,
          47.2
        ],
        [
          37.6,
          47.05
        ],
        [
          36.7,
          46.75
        ],
        [
          35.2,
          46.55
        ],
        [
          33.9,
          46.1
        ],
        [
          32.5,
          45.3
        ],
        [
          33.5,
          44.6
        ],
        [
          34.4,
          44.7
        ],
        [
          35.4,
          45
        ],
        [
          36.6,
          45.35
        ],
        [
          35.6,
          45.45
        ],
        [
          34.3,
          45.85
        ],
        [
          33.5,
          46.2
        ],
        [
          32.6,
          46.05
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "shevchenkivske-lithium",
      "color": "gold",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Lithium, Shevchenkivske deposit (Donetsk region, occupied)",
      "desc": "The Shevchenkivske lithium deposit lies in the Velyka Novosilka district of the Donetsk region, under Russian occupation. Its license also lists tantalum and niobium ores.",
      "source": "Ukrainian Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://www.geo.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SHEVCHENKIVSKE_license.pdf",
      "coords": [
        [
          36.2,
          47.7
        ],
        [
          36.9,
          47.75
        ],
        [
          37,
          47.98
        ],
        [
          36.55,
          48.05
        ],
        [
          36.1,
          47.85
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "kruta-balka-lithium",
      "color": "gold",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Lithium, Kruta Balka deposit (Zaporizhzhia region, occupied)",
      "desc": "The Kruta Balka lithium deposit lies in the Zaporizhzhia region near the front line, under Russian control.",
      "source": "E3S Web of Conferences",
      "url": "https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2024/56/e3sconf_sep2024_01001.pdf",
      "coords": [
        [
          36.5,
          47.55
        ],
        [
          37.1,
          47.6
        ],
        [
          37.2,
          47.8
        ],
        [
          36.8,
          47.85
        ],
        [
          36.4,
          47.7
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "azovske-ree",
      "color": "purple",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Rare earths, Azovske deposit (Donetsk region, occupied)",
      "desc": "The Azovske rare earth deposit lies in the Donetsk region, under Russian occupation. Ukraine's other known rare earth deposits are Mazurivske in the Donetsk region and Yastrubetske in the Kirovohrad region.",
      "source": "S&P Global",
      "url": "https://www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2025/2/ukraine-rare-earths-potential-relies-on-soviet-assessments-may-not-be-viable-87318842",
      "coords": [
        [
          37.1,
          47.25
        ],
        [
          37.65,
          47.3
        ],
        [
          37.75,
          47.5
        ],
        [
          37.35,
          47.55
        ],
        [
          37.05,
          47.4
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "novopoltavske-ree",
      "color": "purple",
      "kind": "resource",
      "label": "Rare earths and niobium, Novopoltavske deposit (Zaporizhzhia region, occupied)",
      "desc": "The Novopoltavske rare metal deposit in the Polohy and Berdyansk districts of the Zaporizhzhia region holds rare earth, niobium and phosphate ores. It lies under Russian occupation.",
      "source": "Ukrainian Geological Survey",
      "url": "https://www.geo.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/novopoltavske_en.pdf",
      "coords": [
        [
          35.9,
          47
        ],
        [
          36.6,
          47.05
        ],
        [
          36.7,
          47.3
        ],
        [
          36.3,
          47.38
        ],
        [
          35.8,
          47.2
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "flows": [
    {
      "id": "flow-designs",
      "kind": "flow",
      "label": "Chip designs leaving Ukraine for foreign foundries",
      "from": [
        30.52,
        50.45
      ],
      "to": [
        121.01,
        24.8
      ],
      "toLabel": "Foundries in Taiwan",
      "desc": "Ukraine's fabless companies create chip designs at home and send them to foreign foundries, concentrated in Taiwan, to be manufactured. The strategy treats design, not fabrication, as the domestic value.",
      "source": "Kyiv Post",
      "url": "https://www.kyivpost.com/post/26522"
    },
    {
      "id": "flow-minerals",
      "kind": "flow",
      "label": "Critical minerals earmarked for European industry",
      "from": [
        31.9,
        48.5
      ],
      "to": [
        4.35,
        50.85
      ],
      "toLabel": "European industry",
      "desc": "Before 2022 Ukraine was a significant supplier of titanium, gallium, manganese and iron ore to Europe, and the European Commission identifies the country as a potential source of more than 20 critical raw materials.",
      "source": "World Economic Forum",
      "url": "https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/the-future-of-critical-raw-materials-how-ukraine-plays-a-strategic-role-in-global-supply-chains/"
    }
  ]
}